Is tretinoin a retinol? A common question asked by many

Table of Content:
Use of retinoids | Benefits of retinoids | Differences between tretinoin and retinol | Who should use retinol? | Who should use tretinoin? | Who cannot use tretinoin or retinol? | Who should be careful when using tretinoin or retinol? | The takeaway

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When it comes to skincare and anti-aging products, the wide variety of ingredients can be both intriguing and confusing. One common question that often arises is whether tretinoin is the same as retinol or if tretinoin is a retinol? 

So, is tretinoin a retinol?

The short answer is no, but tretinoin and retinol are both derivatives of vitamin A which belong to a class of medications known as retinoids. 

These two compounds, although related, have distinct properties and uses in skincare so if you’ve ever wondered about the differences between tretinoin and retinol, you’re not alone. 

If you are seeking for an effective solution to improve skin texture, reduce wrinkles, and combat acne you have come to the right place. In this article we will explore the differences, similarities, and uses they serve in skincare. 

Understanding their unique characteristics can help you and your online dermatologist make informed decisions about which ingredient is best suited for your skincare needs.

So, if you’re ready to dive into the world of tretinoin and retinol, we will help you gain a deeper understanding of these compounds, their effects on the skin, and how they can help you achieve the complexion you desire.

The use of retinoids in skin diseases

Retinoids (such as retinol, tretinoin, isotretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, trifarotene and alitretinoin) due to their many benefits to the skin have multiple therapeutic applications in the treatment of various skin conditions such as acne¹, skin aging² and rosacea³.

Benefits of retinoids

Retinoids are powerful substances with many benefits such as:

• Slow down the aging process
• Help control cell growth
• Protect the skin’s outer layer
• Reduce water loss
• Preserve collagen
• Inhibit the enzymes that break down collagen

These properties contribute to their effectiveness in reducing wrinkles and promoting healthier skin⁴.

Differences between tretinoin and retinol

While tretinoin and retinol are similar in their mechanism of action and skincare benefits, there are some differences between the two.

1. Availability: tretinoin can only be purchased with a prescription while retinol is widely available over-the-counter in hundreds of skincare products and is widely used for anti-aging and improving overall skin texture.

2. Strength: Tretinoin is a prescription-strength retinoid, while retinol is an over-the-counter (OTC) retinoid. Tretinoin is more potent and effective than retinol due to its higher concentration and direct activation of retinoic acid receptors in the skin⁵.

3. Effectiveness: Due to its higher potency, tretinoin is believed to be faster and more effective in addressing specific skin concerns like acne, acne scars, and certain signs of aging. Retinol is milder and slower in action, but it can still provide benefits such as reducing fine lines, improving skin texture, and enhancing collagen production.

4. Conversion: Tretinoin is the active form of vitamin A called retinoic acid, while there is a two-step conversion process to make retinoic acid (tretinoin) from retinol. In this process, vitamin A is absorbed by the body and either stored in the liver or converted into retinoic acid⁶. 

5. Stronger side effects: Since tretinoin is stronger, it is more likely to cause skin irritation, especially when used in higher concentrations. It may lead to dryness, redness, peeling, and sensitivity, particularly during the initial stages of treatment. Retinol, although less potent, is also capable of causing skin irritation, but the risk is generally lower compared to tretinoin⁷.

So, who should use retinol?

According to Associate Professor Patrick Mahar, dermatologist, retinol can be used by individuals of various age groups, skin types, and skin tones. It is particularly beneficial for those who are looking to address common skin concerns such as fine lines, wrinkles, uneven skin tone, and texture irregularities.

People who are concerned about the signs of aging or want to proactively prevent the appearance of wrinkles can also benefit from incorporating retinol into their skincare routine since it may be effective in improving the overall appearance and vitality of the skin by promoting cell turnover, stimulating collagen production, and reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation.

Whether you are in your 20s and want to proactively maintain youthful-looking skin or in your 40s and seeking to diminish the signs of aging, retinol can be a valuable addition to your skincare routine.

When using a retinoid for the first time, it is advisable to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase it to minimize potential irritation. 

Additionally, those with specific skin conditions, such as eczema or rosacea, should consult with a dermatologist before incorporating retinol into their routine.

And who should use tretinoin?

Tretinoin is FDA-approved and primarily prescribed for the treatment of mild to moderate acne including both teenagers and adults^{8 9} .

Tretinoin works by increasing cell turnover, preventing the formation of new acne lesions, and reducing inflammation. Tretinoin can help unclog pores, reduce blackheads and whiteheads, and improve overall acne-related skin texture¹⁰.

Apart from acne treatment, tretinoin is also used to address other skin concerns such as photodamage, fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation¹¹. It has been shown to stimulate collagen production, which can help improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines¹².

Who should not use retinol or tretinoin?

While retinol and tretinoin offer numerous benefits for the skin, there are certain cases where their use may not be suitable or require caution. 

Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals: Both retinol and tretinoin should not be used  during pregnancy or while breastfeeding because they are considered teratogenic, which means they may cause birth defects^13.

Individuals using isotretinoin (Accutane) because it can increase the risk of hypervitaminosis A, leading to serious issues such as vision problems, increased intra-cranial pressure, high cholesterol, and inflammation of the liver, pancreas, or digestive tract^14.

People who have had recent skin procedures or have sunburned skin: It is recommended to avoid using retinol or tretinoin on recently treated or compromised skin. This includes laser treatments, chemical peels, or microdermabrasion. Additionally, it is important to avoid applying these ingredients to sunburned or excessively irritated skin, as it can exacerbate discomfort and potentially cause further damage.

Who should be careful when using retinol or tretinoin?

Individuals with certain skin conditions such as rosacea, or dermatitis, should exercise caution when using retinol or tretinoin because these conditions may already compromise the skin’s barrier function, making it more susceptible to irritation from these potent ingredients. 

Consulting with a dermatologist is crucial to evaluate the compatibility and potential risks in these cases.

Individuals with very sensitive skin: Retinol and tretinoin can cause skin irritation, redness, dryness, and peeling, particularly when first starting the treatment. So, if you have sensitive or easily irritated skin, you should approach these ingredients with caution. 

It is also advisable to begin with lower concentrations or less frequent application and gradually increase as tolerated. 

The takeaway

Always consult with your dermatologist, before incorporating retinol or tretinoin into your skincare routine. They can evaluate your individual circumstances, assess potential risks, and provide personalized guidance to ensure safe and effective usage.

Retinol is suitable for individuals of diverse age groups, skin types, and skin tones. Its benefits are especially valuable for addressing common skin concerns, including fine lines, wrinkles, uneven skin tone and texture irregularities.

Due to its potency, tretinoin can only be purchased with a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider and should be used under medical supervision. 

Tretinoin may not be suitable for everyone, and it is important to consult with a dermatologist to determine if it is appropriate for your specific skin concerns and medical history.

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Article References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5574737/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699641/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7039055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6791161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225141/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557478/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9112391/
https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/fetal-retinoid-syndrome/
https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/accutane-with-tretinoin-1403-828-2231-0.html

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